Exhaust silencing
ALUPOR™ performs exceptionally well alongside sintered materials for exhaust noise silencing. Moreover, silencers made of porous aluminum function perfectly under cryogenic temperatures maintaining their strength properties. Exhaust noise can occur in various technological processes involving pneumatic and compressor equipment. Technological equipment that assumes gas discharge have to be equipped with silencers to protect the environment and production personnel from the harmful effects of noise. Currently, the company offers several series of commercially produced silencers.
Advantages
- Increased strength and durability compared to silencers made of sintered powders
- Resistance to cyclic and vibration loads
- Resistance to contaminants — maintains flow capacity for extended periods even in dusty air
- High dirt-holding capacity due to unique structure
- Fully controlled and stable structural parameters
- Durability: maximum pressure differential up to 50 atm (under normal conditions)
- Any sizes and configurations available
- Parts combining solid and porous sections in a single product
- Thread cutting possible on both solid metal and porous sections
- Low weight - only plastic is a competitor
- Service life exceeding 5 years
- Environmentally friendly — material can be recycled as aluminum scrap
Limitations
- Icing (fair for any porous silencer): when designing silencers, it should be considered that the discharged medium is throttling through the porous structure. Its temperature may drop below the crystallization point of the water. Ice formation on the silencer can reduce or completely block the flow. In such conditions, heating is required.
- On large silencers, noise may be generated inside the silencer itself: it is necessary to provide additional distribution elements made of coarse-porous material at the outlet of the pipe for preliminary jet breaking.
SPECIFICATIONS
FLOW PARAMETERS
STRUCTURE PROPERTIES
| Parameter | Material type (graded by main pore size range), μm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 140-315 | 200-400 | 315-630 | 630-1000 | 1000-1600 | 1600-3000 | |
| Mean pore size, μm | 245 | 300 | 490 | 700 | 1300 | 2300 |
| Mean neck size, μm | 67…77 | 73…88 | 100…120 | 135…170 | 175…225 | 245…315 |
| Neck per one pore (coordination number) | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Pores per unit area, pcs./ m² | 11.6×106 | 6.4×106 | 2.4×106 | 1.2×106 | 0.34×106 | 0.11×106 |
| Necks per unit area, pcs./ m² | 36.4×106 | 20.9×106 | 7.9×106 | 3.9×106 | 1.1×106 | 0.36×106 |
| Porosity, % | 50...75 | |||||
| Density***, kg/m³ | 675...1215 | |||||
| Thermal expansion coefficient, 1/°C | 23.0×10-6 (identical to solid metal) | |||||
| Allowed temperature range, °C | -200...+250 | |||||
More details on mechanical properties of ALUPOR™ see "Properties" page.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
| Parameter | Material type (graded by main pore size range), μm | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 140-315 | 200-400 | 315-630 | 630-1000 | 1000-1600 | 1600-3000 | |
| Ultimate compressive strength, MPa | 105 | 59 | 58 | 49 | 37 | 32 |
| Yield point at compression, MPa | 39 | 26 | 24 | 20 | 21 | 20 |
| Ultimate tensile strength, MPa | 29 | 16 | 16.5 | 14 | 12 | 8 |
| Yield point at tensile, MPa | 26 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 13 | 7 |
| Ultimate shear stress, MPa | 36 | 34 | 30 | 25 | 26 | - |
| Young's modulus, GPa | 3.1 | 2 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
| Elongation, % | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.3 | 0.12 |
More details on mechanical properties of ALUPOR™ see "Properties" page.
MANUFACTURE ABILITIES
- Maximum dimensions of the final flat part: 850 × 650 × 150 mm
- Maximum dimensions of the cylinder part: ø410, length is not limited
- Minimum plate thickness:
- 3 mm for parts up to 300 mm
- 5 mm for parts up to 500 mm
- 8 mm for parts over 500 mm
- Final product weight: up to 150 kg
- Manufacturing method: casting with vacuum impregnation of NaCl (see here...)
- Threading available for both solid metal and porous sections
Parts with Solid Metal Sections (SMS) are a significant advantage of our technology because we can do fastening elements on solid section. Possible options for manufacturing parts with solid metal sections are presented below.
Without solid section
Solid end face
Solid flange
Seal slots for O-ring
Tread & Hex-nut
Tread & Seal slots
Modular Mufflers
The image shows a special solution for large-volume steam discharge: a steel casing containing a cylindrical porous element with anti-icing electric heating incide.
Anodizing and Oxidation
To enhance corrosion resistance it is possible to perform anodizing or micro-arc oxidation treatment on the entire internal surface of pores.
Theory reference
Noise is generated during exhaust of compressed air from pneumatic units due to flow turbulence at zones between jet and the external environment. Turbulent compressed air vortices excite acoustic vibrations in the surrounding air medium. A silencer made of ALUPOR™ porous material distributes the turbulent flow from the pipe over the filtering area of the silencer and divides it into many small streams with more favorable hydraulic characteristics, thereby reducing the sound power level. The theory of aeroacoustics is quite complex. Here we will provide the most general and simplest formulations and references for following deeper understanding.
Symbols definitions
Constants
R=8,314 462 618 153 24 [J/(mol×K)] - gas constant;
Physical properties
M [kg/mol] - gas molar mass;
μ [Pa×s ] - dynamic viscosity;
ρ [kg/m³] - density;
Physical values
Ffilt - [m²] - filtration surface;
j - [kg/(m²×s)] - specific mass flux;
T - [K] - absolute temperature;
t - [°C] - temperature;
V - [m³] - volume;
v - [m/s] - velocity;
vfilt - [m/s] filtration velocity;
τ - [s] - time.
ALUPOR™ structure parameters
Π - [dimensionless] - porosity;
Smin - [dimensionless] - ratio of minimal solid cross-section and filtration area (same as minimal void cross-section of packed bed);
dp - [μm] - mean pore size;
Ssp - [m²/m³] - specific surface area;
kv - [m²] - Darcy permeability;
ki - [m] - Forhheimer permeability.
Subscripts
#f value related to fluid ;
#s value related to solid (metal matrix);
#p value related to pore volume(example: velocity in pores);
#n value related to necks between pores (example: velocity in necks);
#Me value related to solid metal;
#AP value related to ALUPOR™;
#eff effective property of composite (example:"ALUPOR™-air" system);